Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

Relative Identity

(Work In Progress: output at 15/01/2026 11:34:05)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. Relative identity is invoked to try to explain some people’s intuition² that – following certain exigencies (say, a nasty bang on the head; or the Phineas Gage situation; see "Tobia (Kevin Patrick) - Personal Identity and the Phineas Gage Effect") – I might be the same Human Being³, but not the same Person⁴.
  2. So, it is said by the Relative Identity theorist, the identity relation is indexed to a sortal⁵. It is said that it makes no sense to say that A is the same individual as B unless we say “the same what”. I think this is true, but it doesn’t mandate Relative Identity,
  3. David Wiggins is sometimes accused of straying into Relative Identity by insisting that questions of persistence are Sortal⁶-relative. "Ferner (Adam) - Metaphysics and biology: a critique of David Wiggins’ account of personal identity" is at pains to point out that this is not the case. Relative Identity claims that the very same thing (X) can be identical to Y under one sortal and to Z under another. Most philosophers – including Wiggins and myself – deny this.
  4. My view is that – while it is true that we need to be careful what individual we are to pick out for identity claims – once we have picked out an individual (say in more than one way), it is self-identical whatever description we are using. And necessarily so as Saul Kripke has shown in his Hesperus / Phosphorus / Venus discussion in "Kripke (Saul) - Naming and Necessity".
  5. So, when we are thinking of what we imagine to be a single thing under two descriptions, then if we imagine the thing under one description coming apart from the thing under another, then one or other description doesn’t really pick out that thing as a substance⁷, but (say) picks out a property of that substance.
  6. So, returning to our example, when we say “same person”, the term “person” is ambiguous.
     1. It can stand as a proxy for “human being”, or
     2. “Same person” can mean “has the same personality⁸”.
  7. When this is understood, in neither case are we tempted into espousing relative identity:-
     1. In the first case we have identity, and
     2. In the second case we are comparing a property of a substance, and substances can change their properties over time without ceasing to be the same substance.
  8. So, Phineas Gage continues to be the same substance (human being – or maybe human animal) despite a radical change of personality.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. The orthodox approach to the Logic of Identity⁹ is to treat it as a necessary equivalence relation. I follow this approach.
  2. However, in response to various TEs¹⁰, deviant forms₁₁ of Identity have been devised, and some are still popular.
  3. However, the logic of identity¹² is so secure that it is sensible to look for other explanations of any TE that appears to bring it in doubt.
  4. See my Note on Personality¹³ (eventually!) for the individuation and persistence of “personalities”. Just what sort of thing are they? Universals? Tropes?
  5. I intend to cover this topic in Chapter 4¹⁴ along with the other deviant approaches to Identity.

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Kripke (Saul) - Naming and Necessity", 1980, Book, Read
  2. "Tobia (Kevin Patrick) - Personal Identity and the Phineas Gage Effect", 2015, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read
• For a Page of Links¹⁵ to this Note, Click here.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read¹⁶, include the following:-
  • General:
    1. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'", 2001, Write-Up Note¹⁷, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    2. "Garrett (Brian) - Animalism and Reductionism", 1998, Annotations
    3. "Hudson (Hud) - The Metaphysics of Hyperspace: Introduction", 2008
    4. "Kripke (Saul) - Naming and Necessity", 1980, Book
    5. "Noonan (Harold) - Review of 'Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms' by E. J. Lowe", 1991, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Olson (Eric) - Is Psychology Relevant To Personal Identity?", 1994, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    7. "Robinson (Denis) - Can Amoebae Divide Without Multiplying?", 1985, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    8. "Tobia (Kevin Patrick) - Personal Identity and the Phineas Gage Effect", 2015, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    9. "Van Inwagen (Peter) - Material Beings: Preface", 1990, Annotations
    10. "Wiggins (David) - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity: Part 1.1: Relative Identity", 1967, No Abstract
    11. "Wilson (Jack) - Identity and Sortals: Why Relative Identity Is Self-Contradictory", 1999, Annotations
• The study-list for this topic would include₁₈:-
  • General:
    1. "Anscombe (G.E.M.) - Objects and Identity: Foreward", 1980, Read = 167%
    2. "Barense (J.G.) - Identity in Indirect Discourse", 1969, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Bennett (Jonathan) - Locke on Diachronic Identity-Judgements", 2001
    4. "Borowski (E.J.) - Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity", 1975, Internal PDF Link
    5. "Bourgeois (Warren) - Contemporary Philosophers' Views on Persons: Wiggins and Williams", 2003
    6. "Butchvarov (Panayot) - Indiscernibility", 1979, No Abstract
    7. "Cain (James) - Some Radical Consequences of Geach's Logical Theories", 1985, Internal PDF Link
    8. "Cain (James) - The Doctrine of the Trinity and the Logic of Relative Identity", 1989, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    9. "Cartwright (Helen Morris) - Heraclitus and the Bath Water", 1965, Internal PDF Link
    10. "Chapman (Tobias) - Identity and Reference", 1973, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Cohen (L. Jonathan) - Geach's Problem about Intentional Identity", 1968, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    12. "Dennett (Daniel) - Geach on Intentional Identity", 1968, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    13. "Deutsch (Harry) - Relative Identity", 2002-7, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    14. "Englebretsen (George) - Do we need relative identity?", 1982, Internal PDF Link
    15. "Feldman (Fred) & Geach (Peter) - Geach and Relative Identity [with Rejoinder and Reply]", 1969, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    16. "Ferner (Adam) - Metaphysics and biology: a critique of David Wiggins’ account of personal identity", 2014, Write-Up Note¹⁹, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 127%
    17. "Gallois (Andre) - Identity Over Time", 2005-11, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    18. "Geach (Peter) - Identity", 1967, Internal PDF Link
    19. "Geach (Peter) - Identity - A Reply", 1969, No Abstract
    20. "Geach (Peter) - Logic Matters: Preface, TOC & Acknowledgements", 1972, No Abstract
    21. "Geach (Peter) - Ontological Relativity and Relative Identity", 1973
    22. "Geach (Peter) - Reference and Generality", 1980, Book, Read = 6%
    23. "Geach (Peter) - Reference and Generality: Prefaces and Analytical TOC", 1980, Read = 113%
    24. "Griffin (Nicholas) - Relative Identity", 1977, Book
    25. "Hawthorne (John) - Identity", 2003, Read = 7%
    26. "MacIntosh (J.J.) - A Problem About Identity", 1974, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    27. "MacIntosh (J.J.) - Reincarnation and Relativized Identity", 1989, Internal PDF Link, Read = 42%
    28. "Nelson (Jack) - On the Alleged Incompleteness of Certain Identity Claims", 1973, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    29. "Nelson (Jack) - Relative Identity", 1970, Internal PDF Link
    30. "Noonan (Harold) - Absolute and Relative Identity", 1980, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    31. "Noonan (Harold) - Absolute and Relative Identity Concluded", 1980, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    32. "Noonan (Harold) - Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity", 1980, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    33. "Noonan (Harold) - Events, Continuants and Diachronic Identity", 1980, Internal PDF Link
    34. "Noonan (Harold) - Identity", 2004-9, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    35. "Noonan (Harold) - Objects and Identity: An Examination of Relative Identity and its Consequences", 1980, Book, Read = 10%
    36. "Noonan (Harold) - Relative Identity", 2001, Read = 50%
    37. "Noonan (Harold) - Relative Identity: A Reconsideration", 1986, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    38. "Parsons (Terence) - Identity", 2000
    39. "Perry (John) - Relative Identity and Relative Number", 2002
    40. "Puccetti (Roland) - Borowski on the Relative Identity of Persons", 1978, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₂₀
    41. "Wasserman (Ryan) - Material Constitution", 2009-2013, Internal PDF Link
    42. "Weatherson (Brian) - The Problem of the Many", 2003-14, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    43. "Wiggins (David) - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity", 1967, Book, Read = 5%
    44. "Wiggins (David) - The Absoluteness of Sameness", 2001

  ---

• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading: No items to list.
• This is mostly a place-holder²¹.

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In-Page Footnotes:

Footnote 11:

• I’m not sure if this is the correct terminology.

Footnote 18:

• As this list includes several whole books, it might be a bit much, though this is an important topic.

Footnote 20:

• I doubt this paper is really about Relative Identity, but more about Brain Transplants.

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Table of the Previous 10 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
06/07/2023 00:43:12	6086	Relative Identity
20/09/2022 11:24:00	5787	Relative Identity
01/05/2022 18:20:10	5407	Relative Identity
02/07/2021 20:32:38	5099	Relative Identity
17/02/2021 01:17:46	4510	Relative Identity
30/09/2020 16:01:55	3755	Relative Identity
28/10/2018 18:08:38	5867	Relative Identity
05/07/2015 10:53:46	3569	Relative Identity
26/11/2007 23:25:26	84	Relative Identity
12/08/2007 10:17:46	80	Relative Identity

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
01/06/2026 04:42:41	Relative Identity	Logic of Identity

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Baker - Persons and Bodies - Precis	Brain Transplants	Ferner - Metaphysics and biology: a critique of David Wiggins’ account of personal identity	Human Beings
Intuition	Logic of Identity	Note Links Explanation	Person	Personality
Plug Note Apologia	Sortals	Substance	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Thought Experiments
Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

Baker - The Coherence Of the Idea of Material Constitution	Baker - The Very Idea of Constitution, 2	Dion and Theon	Johnston - Human Beings	Logic of Identity
Only 'X' and 'Y' Principle	Perdurantism	Person	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11	Survival
Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues), 2, 3, 4, 5	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Thesis - Chapter 12 (Conclusion)
Thesis - Current Stance	Thesis - Personal Identity, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Anscombe (G.E.M.)	Objects and Identity: Foreward	Paper	2, 3
Anscombe (G.E.M.)	Were You a Zygote?	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	The Coherence Of the Idea of Material Constitution	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	The Very Idea of Constitution	Paper	2	Yes
Bennett (Jonathan)	Locke on Diachronic Identity-Judgements	Paper
Borowski (E.J.)	Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity	Paper
Bourgeois (Warren)	Contemporary Philosophers' Views on Persons: Wiggins and Williams	Paper
Burke (Michael)	Is My Head a Person?	Paper		Yes
Butchvarov (Panayot)	Being Qua Being: Introduction	Paper		Yes
Cain (James)	The Doctrine of the Trinity and the Logic of Relative Identity	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5
Deutsch (Harry)	Relative Identity	Paper	2, 3
Gallois (Andre)	Identity Over Time	Paper
Garrett (Brian)	Animalism and Reductionism	Paper		Yes
Griffin (Nicholas)	Absolute and Relative Identity	Paper	2, 3
Griffin (Nicholas)	On Some Examples of (R).	Paper
Griffin (Nicholas)	Relative Identity	Book	2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Griffin (Nicholas)	Some General Arguments On (R)-Relative Identity Theory	Paper
Hawthorne (John)	Identity	Paper
Hudson (Hud)	The Metaphysics of Hyperspace: Introduction	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Johnston (Mark)	Human Beings	Paper		Yes
Look (Brandon C.)	The Metaphysics of Material Beings: Constitution, Persistence, and Identity	Paper		Yes
Nelson (Jack)	Relative Identity	Paper
Noonan (Harold)	Identity	Paper
Noonan (Harold)	Objects and Identity: Introduction	Paper	2, 3, 4
Noonan (Harold)	Relative Identity	Paper
Noonan (Harold)	Review of 'Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms' by E. J. Lowe	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Noonan (Harold)	Vague Identity Yet Again	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Is Psychology Relevant To Personal Identity?	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	The Human Animal: Alternatives	Paper	2	Yes
Olson (Eric)	The Human Animal: Introduction	Paper	2	Yes
Parsons (Terence)	Identity	Paper	2
Perry (John)	Relative Identity and Relative Number	Paper
Puccetti (Roland)	Borowski on the Relative Identity of Persons	Paper
Robinson (Denis)	Can Amoebae Divide Without Multiplying?	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics - Conclusion: Notes on Method	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 12 (Conclusion)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Dion and Theon	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Logic of Identity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Only 'X' and 'Y' Principle	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Perdurantism	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Person	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Personal Identity	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Survival	Paper		Yes
Van Inwagen (Peter)	Material Beings: Preface	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Van Inwagen (Peter)	Materialism and the Psychological-continuity Account of Personal Identity	Paper		Yes
Wasserman (Ryan)	Material Constitution	Paper
Weatherson (Brian)	The Problem of the Many	Paper
Wiggins (David)	Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being, and Their Identity: Introduction	Paper	2	Yes
Wiggins (David)	Sameness and Substance	Book
Wiggins (David)	Sameness and Substance Renewed	Book
Wiggins (David)	The Absoluteness of Sameness	Paper
Wiggins (David)	The Absoluteness of Sameness (S&S)	Paper
Wilson (Jack)	Beyond Horses and Oak Trees: A New Theory of Individuation for Living Entities	Paper		Yes

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References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
Anscombe (G.E.M.)	Objects and Identity: Foreward	Paper - Cited	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Foreward	No
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Paper - Cited	Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind, 2001, e-Symposium on "Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View"	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder), Etc.	E-Symposium on 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Barense (J.G.)	Identity in Indirect Discourse	Paper - Cited	Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 12, Jun. 19, 1969, pp. 381-382	No
Borowski (E.J.)	Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 100, Jul., 1975, pp. 271-276	No
Braddon-Mitchell (David) & West (Caroline)	Temporal Phase Pluralism	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Jan2001, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p59, 25p	No
Cain (James)	The Doctrine of the Trinity and the Logic of Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 141-152	8%
Chapman (Tobias)	Identity and Reference	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, Vol. 82, No. 328, Oct., 1973, pp. 542-556	No
Deutsch (Harry)	Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2002-7	4%
Doyle (Robert O.)	David Wiggins	Paper - By Subtopic	Personal Website	33%
Feldman (Fred) & Geach (Peter)	Geach and Relative Identity [with Rejoinder and Reply]	Paper - By Subtopic	The Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Mar., 1969), pp. 547-561	No
Ferner (Adam)	Metaphysics and biology: a critique of David Wiggins’ account of personal identity	Paper - Cited	PhD Thesis, Birkbeck, 2014	98%
French (Peter) & Wettstein (Howard), Eds.	Midwest Studies in Philosophy (Vol XXIII) - New Directions in Philosophy	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	French (Peter) & Wettstein (Howard), Eds. - Midwest Studies in Philosophy (Vol XXIII) - New Directions in Philosophy	9%
Garrett (Brian)	Animalism and Reductionism	Paper - Cited	Garrett - Personal Identity and Self-consciousness, 1998, Chapter 2	Yes
Garrett (Brian)	Personal Identity and Self-consciousness	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Geach (Peter)	Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	'Logic Matters', Chap. 7, pp. 238-247	No
Geach (Peter)	Identity - A Reply	Paper - By Subtopic	Geach - Logic Matters 7.2, pp. 247-249 (Orig. Review of Metaphysics 22.3, 1969)	No
Geach (Peter)	Ontological Relativity and Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Munitz - Logic and Ontology, 1973, pp. 287-302	No
Geach (Peter)	Reference and Generality	Book - Cited	Geach (Peter) - Reference and Generality	6%
Geach (Peter)	Reference and Generality	Paper - By Subtopic	Geach (Peter) - Reference and Generality	No
Geach (Peter)	Reference and Generality: Prefaces and Analytical TOC	Paper - By Subtopic	Geach - Reference and generality : an examination of some medieval and modern theories, 1980	73%
Griffin (Nicholas)	(D)-Relative Identity Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 6	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Absolute and Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 1	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Cartwright On Quantities	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Appendix 2	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Criteria Of Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 4	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	General Terms	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 2	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	On Some Examples of (R).	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 10	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Relative Identity	Book - Cited	Griffin (Nicholas) - Relative Identity	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Some General Arguments On (R)-Relative Identity Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 8	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Sortals	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 3	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	The Constitutive 'Is'	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 9	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Ultimate Sortals	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 5	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Wiggins On Sortals	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Appendix 1	No
Griffin (Nicholas)	Wiggins's (D)-Relative Identity Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Griffin - Relative Identity, 1977, Chapter 7	No
Hale (Bob) & Wright (Crispin), Eds.	A Companion to the Philosophy of Language	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hale (Bob) & Wright (Crispin), Eds. - A Companion to the Philosophy of Language	4%
Hudson (Hud)	The Metaphysics of Hyperspace	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	10%
Hudson (Hud)	The Metaphysics of Hyperspace: Introduction	Paper - Cited	Hudson (Hud) - The Metaphysics of Hyperspace, Introduction	Yes
Kripke (Saul)	Naming and Necessity	Book - Cited	Kripke (Saul) - Naming and Necessity	Yes
Lovibond (Sabina) & Williams (S.G.)	Identity, Truth & Value: Essays for David Wiggins	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Lovibond (Sabina) & Williams (S.G.) - Identity, Truth & Value: Essays for David Wiggins	10%
Lowe (E.J.)	Noonan on Naming and Predicating	Paper - By Subtopic	Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Jun., 1986), p. 159	No
Lowe (E.J.)	Sortal terms and absolute identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 64.1, March 1986, pp. 64-71(8)	33%
MacIntosh (J.J.)	Reincarnation and Relativized Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 153-165	42%
Nelson (Jack)	On the Alleged Incompleteness of Certain Identity Claims	Paper - By Subtopic	Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Sep., 1973), pp. 105-113	No
Nelson (Jack)	Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Nous, Vol. 4, No. 3, Sep., 1970, pp. 241-260	No
Noonan (Harold)	Absolute and Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Lovibond & Williams - Identity, Truth & Value: Essays for David Wiggins	17%
Noonan (Harold)	Absolute and Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 1	8%
Noonan (Harold)	Absolute and Relative Identity Concluded	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 12	8%
Noonan (Harold)	Absolute Identity and Criteria of Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 7	11%
Noonan (Harold)	Absolute Identity and Criteria of Identity Concluded	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 9	17%
Noonan (Harold)	Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 2	17%
Noonan (Harold)	Events, Continuants and Diachronic Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 10	No
Noonan (Harold)	Moderate Monism, Sortal Concepts, and Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	The Monist, Vol. 96, No. 1, Constitution and Composition (January, 2013), pp. 101-130	17%
Noonan (Harold)	Objects and Identity: An Examination of Relative Identity and its Consequences	Book - Cited	Noonan (Harold) - Objects and Identity: An Examination of Relative Identity and its Consequences	10%
Noonan (Harold)	Objects and Identity: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Introduction	No
Noonan (Harold)	On the Notion of a Criterion of Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 6	No
Noonan (Harold)	Quine on Synchronic Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 4	Yes
Noonan (Harold)	Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Hale & Wright - A Companion to the Philosophy of Language	50%
Noonan (Harold)	Relative Identity: A Reconsideration	Paper - By Subtopic	Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 6-10	No
Noonan (Harold)	Restricted and Unrestricted Quantification	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 8	No
Noonan (Harold)	Review of 'Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms' by E. J. Lowe	Paper - Cited	Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 256 (Apr., 1991), pp. 248-249	Yes
Noonan (Harold)	Synchronic Identity as Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Objects and Identity, 1980, Chapter 3	No
Noonan (Harold)	The Possibility of Reincarnation	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 483-491	56%
Noonan (Harold)	Wiggins on Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, New Series, Vol. 85, No. 340 (Oct., 1976), pp. 559-575	No
Olson (Eric)	Is Psychology Relevant To Personal Identity?	Paper - Cited	Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 72, Number 2, June 1994, pp. 173-186(14).	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Papers on Identity Boxes: Vol 13 (Olson)	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	16%
Perry (John)	Identity, Personal Identity and the Self	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Perry (John) - Identity, Personal Identity and the Self	3%
Perry (John)	Personal Identity, Memory, and the Problem of Circularity	Paper - By Subtopic	Perry - Identity, Personal Identity and the Self, 2002, Chapter 5	Yes
Perry (John)	Relative Identity and Relative Number	Paper - By Subtopic	Perry - Identity, Personal Identity and the Self, 2002, Chapter 2	No
Puccetti (Roland)	Borowski on the Relative Identity of Persons	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, 87, No. 346, Apr., 1978, pp. 262-263	No
Robinson (Denis)	Can Amoebae Divide Without Multiplying?	Paper - Cited	Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 63.3, Sept. 1985, 299-319	Yes
Sosa (Ernest)	Existential Relativity	Paper - By Subtopic	Midwest Studies In Philosophy, 1999, Vol. XXIII Issue 1, p132, 12p	25%
Tobia (Kevin Patrick)	Personal Identity and the Phineas Gage Effect	Paper - Cited	Analysis, Volume 75, Issue 3, 1 July 2015, Pages 396–405	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic		Yes
Uzgalis (William)	Relative Identity and Locke's Principle of Individuation	Paper - By Subtopic	History of Philosophy Quarterly , Jul., 1990, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Jul., 1990), pp. 283-297	8%
Van Inwagen (Peter)	Material Beings	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	27%
Van Inwagen (Peter)	Material Beings: Preface	Paper - Cited	Van Inwagen - Material Beings, Preface	Yes
Wiggins (David)	Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity	Book - Cited	Wiggins (David) - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity	5%
Wiggins (David)	Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity: Part 1.1: Relative Identity	Paper - Cited	Wiggins - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity, 1967, pp. 1-2	Yes
Wiggins (David)	Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity: Part 1.2: Leibniz's Law and the Difficulties of Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Wiggins - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity, 1967, pp. 2-5	No
Wiggins (David)	Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity: Parts 1.3-8: Five Ways to be Wrong About Relative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Wiggins - Identity & Spatio-temporal Continuity, 1967, pp. 5-26	No
Wiggins (David)	Reply to Noonan (Absolute and Relative Identity)	Paper - By Subtopic	Lovibond & Williams - Identity, Truth & Value: Essays for David Wiggins	No
Wiggins (David)	Reply to Williamson (The Necessity and Determinacy of Distinctness)	Paper - By Subtopic	Lovibond & Williams - Identity, Truth & Value: Essays for David Wiggins	No
Wilson (Jack)	Biological Individuality - The identity and Persistence of Living Entities	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Wilson (Jack)	Identity and Sortals: Why Relative Identity Is Self-Contradictory	Paper - Cited	Wilson, Jack - Biological Individuality: The identity and Persistence of Living Entities; 1999, Appendix, pp. 119-126	Yes

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